to prosperity, while he who shirked work disappeared quickly. The same should apply to our young state, where there are many opportunities to provide work for everyone. I demonstrated in a previous article that there is no shortage of work in Poland; tens of thousands of people are waiting for housing, and there is a need for clothes, shoes, furniture, and various other articles that we import from abroad. There is no shortage of work in Poland, but in a short time, we will lack goods, which is already noticeable today. Factories and workshops stand idle without raw materials, without stocks of finished goods. Everywhere one orders something today, one hears, “I cannot fulfill this, as I lack the necessary materials and people, and I will receive nothing on credit.” The price reduction campaign, which began a year ago, was not natural; it was caused by a lack of circulating currency. The price reduction came at the producer’s expense, who, pressed against the wall by seizures for overdue taxes or debts, sold his products below cost to extricate himself from this unpleasant situation. The more he tried to extricate himself, the deeper he sank into debt, until he finally went bankrupt and was liquidated. Factories and workshops are increasingly getting rid of their inventories and even laying off their best skilled workers, who, through unemployment, will lose their proficiency in their work and eventually become dabblers. And when we start working again, due to the proliferation of dabblers, our products will be of lesser value than foreign ones.

Michał Wagner, Tarnowskie Góry.

of the unemployed, an aid campaign for workshops should follow.

The customs war, which brought us the positive side of being able to produce goods that we previously imported from abroad, forced us to make every effort to qualify our workers for such tasks. However, now, burdened by taxes and social costs, we are losing all our reserves and skilled labor. If a trade agreement is concluded with Germany, German industry will flood our market with German products, which, due to cheaper production, will be more affordable and better than ours, and we will never be able to match foreign competition.

The government can provide such assistance only by reducing tax and social burdens and by granting cheap credit. The credits granted can be secured by pledging finished products, and every credit recipient must commit to employing one unemployed person for a certain period for every one thousand zł. In this way, we will employ several thousand unemployed people for a certain period and save several hundred thousand zł. on expenses for the unemployed. The unemployed, who will earn some money, can then buy the most necessary things they have been dreaming of for months, even years. Economic life will revive, and the granted credit will eventually flow back into the state treasury.

By merely helping the unemployed, we will not be able to avert or even reduce unemployment; the effects will be contrary, as by throwing millions of zł. at the unemployed, which will be collected coercively in the form of taxes, we will destroy our industry, crafts, and trade. Purchasing power will become weaker and weaker, and eventually, no one will be able to buy anything, and workshops will, by force of fact, close one after another.

The old Polish proverb: “Frugality and work enrich nations” will come to its full meaning here.

Michał Wagner.

The Craftsman’s Wife as a Collaborator.

Unemployment can only be averted through work, and that means intensive and good work, and by making our products cheaper so that even the poorest will be able to afford them. And when our products become easier to sell, work will be found for everyone, and unemployment will resolve itself.

In the post-war period, the number of women working professionally in trade and industry, education, and other professions has been increasing year by year. This has been influenced not only by the equal rights of women in relation to men but also, to a significant extent, by the deterioration of the material conditions of society. Given the significantly lower wages received by men, who are fathers of families, and on the other hand, due to the increase in living expenses, women often have to help balance the household budget by working outside the home in various professions.

In this effort, the Government should come to the aid of our crafts and industry. After the aid campaign for

What is possible for these women should therefore present no difficulties for the wives of craftsmen. A wife does not necessarily have to engage in work